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<title>Hem Chandra Bose</title>
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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hem Chandra Bose</span></span>
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</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Hem Chandra Bose</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1867<br><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="Damurhuda_Upazila" title="Damurhuda Upazila">Damurhuda Upazila</a>, <a href="Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal Presidency</a>, <a href="British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> (present-day <a href="Chuadanga_District" title="Chuadanga District">Chuadanga District</a>, <a href="Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">April 3/1, 1949 (aged 81/82)<br><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>, <a href="India" title="India">India</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="India" title="India">Indian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Police officer, mathematician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1889–1925</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employer</th><td class="infobox-data org">Bengal Police Service</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Organization</th><td class="infobox-data org">Calcutta Anthropometric Bureau (later the Fingerprint Bureau)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Development of the <a href="Henry_Classification_System" title="Henry Classification System">Henry Classification System</a> for cataloging fingerprints</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data">Amiya Bhusan Bose (grandson)</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Rai Bahadur Hem Chandra Bose</b> (1867-1949) was an <a href="Indian_people" title="Indian people">Indian</a> police officer and mathematician at the <a href="Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Calcutta</a> Anthropometric Bureau (later the Fingerprint Bureau). Supervised by <a href="Edward_Henry" title="Edward Henry">Edward Henry</a>, he and <a href="Qazi_Azizul_Haque" title="Qazi Azizul Haque">Azizul Haque</a> developed the <a href="Henry_Classification_System" title="Henry Classification System">Henry Classification System</a> for cataloging <a href="Fingerprint" title="Fingerprint">fingerprints</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2></div>
<p>Bose was born in 1867 in <a href="Damurhuda_Upazila" title="Damurhuda Upazila">Damurhuda Upazila</a> of the then <a href="Nadia_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nadia District">Nadia District</a> of Bengal Presidency, currently <a href="Chuadanga_District" title="Chuadanga District">Chuadanga District</a> of <a href="Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, in a <a href="Hindu_Bengali" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu Bengali">Hindu Bengali</a> <a href="Kayastha" title="Kayastha">Kayastha</a> family. His father was a postman. After topping the matriculation examination in the year 1883 from <a href="Jessore_Zilla_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Jessore Zilla School">Jessore Zilla School</a>, he studied <a href="Mathematics" title="Mathematics">Mathematics</a> at the <a href="Sanskrit_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit College">Sanskrit College</a> of Calcutta on a Scholarship from the <a href="Natore_Raj" class="mw-redirect" title="Natore Raj">Natore Raj</a>, and completed his Bachelor of Science in 1888. He joined the Bengal Police Service as a <a href="Sub_inspector" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub inspector">sub inspector</a> in 1889. Between 1889 and 1894 he was posted as an investigating officer in police stations in districts including <a href="Madhubani_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Madhubani District">Madhubani</a>, <a href="Saharsa_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Saharsa District">Saharsa</a>, <a href="Pabna_District" title="Pabna District">Pabna</a> and <a href="Narail_District" title="Narail District">Narail</a> of the then United Bengal. His keen detective work was noticed and in 1894 he was posted at the Directorate Headquarters of the Criminal Investigation Department, or CID, of Bengal Police in Calcutta. There he worked on the fingerprinting system, and remained posted at the CID headquarters, except for a short stint as Instructor at the Sardah Police Training School in 1914–1917, until his retirement as a <a href="Deputy_Superintendent_of_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Superintendent of Police">DySP</a> in 1925. After his retirement he lived in a small apartment in <a href="Maniktala" title="Maniktala">Maniktala</a> in Calcutta with his family, till his death from natural causes in 3/1 April 1949. His grandson Amiya Bhusan Bose joined the West Bengal Police Service in the 1952 batch of the WBCS, and retired as a <a href="Deputy_Inspector_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Inspector General">DIG</a> of West Bengal Police in 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Haque_and_Bose_(1897)">Haque and Bose (1897)</h2></div>
<p>On 12 June 1897, the Council of the <a href="Governor_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor General">Governor General</a> of <a href="India" title="India">India</a> approved a committee report that fingerprints should be used for classification of criminal records. After that year, the <a href="Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a> Anthropometric Bureau became the world's first Fingerprint Bureau. He was working in the Calcutta Anthropometric Bureau (before it became the Fingerprint Bureau) with <a href="Azizul_Haque_(police_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Azizul Haque (police officer)">Azizul Haque</a>. He and Haque were the two Indian fingerprint experts credited with primary development of the <a href="Henry_Classification_System" title="Henry Classification System">Henry Classification System</a> (named for their supervisor, <a href="Edward_Richard_Henry" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Richard Henry">Edward Richard Henry</a>). The <a href="Henry_Classification_System" title="Henry Classification System">Henry Classification System</a> is still used in all English-speaking countries (primarily as the manual filing system for accessing paper archive files that have not been scanned and computerized).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div>
<ul><li><i>Finger Print Companion</i> (1927) <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Azizul_Haque_(police_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Azizul Haque (police officer)">Azizul Haque</a></li>
<li><a href="Edward_Henry" title="Edward Henry">Edward Henry</a></li>
<li><a href="Henry_Classification_System" title="Henry Classification System">Henry Classification System</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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</style><cite id="CITEREFKarlekar2007" class="citation web cs1">Karlekar, Malavika (28 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130203183848/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1071028/asp/opinion/story_8476638.asp">"MAPS AND MUGSHOTS- How visual aids became an essential tool of imperial control"</a>. www.telegraphindia.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1071028/asp/opinion/story_8476638.asp">the original</a> on 3 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite></span>
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<cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090409225453/http://ncrb.nic.in/cfpb.htm">"NCRB – Empowering Indian Police with IT"</a>. ncrb.nic.in. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ncrb.nic.in/cfpb.htm">the original</a> on 9 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onin.com/fp/fphistory.html">"The History of Fingerprints"</a>. www.onin.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080907075245/http://www.inspirationline.com/Brainteaser/fingerprints.htm">"INSPIRATION LINE Trivia and Facts: First Fingerprints"</a>. www.inspirationline.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inspirationline.com/Brainteaser/fingerprints.htm">the original</a> on 7 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBose1927" class="citation book cs1">Bose, Hem Chandra (1927). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0P2-GwAACAAJ&q=hem+chandra+bose+finger+print"><i>Finger Print Companion: [a Practical Handbook]</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2009</span>.</cite></span>
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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5ko5ppyBI?url=http://www.geocities.com/modabber/Detective.pdf">The Detective</a></li></ul></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
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